This article addresses the process through which the federal statistical system may be restored to its appropriate place for providing high-quality data and information, in response to the damage caused by the budgetary woes that agencies have suffered in recent years. The article describes how this work will facilitate moving the country forward, both on its path to economic recovery and to a …
A healthy and vigorous program for innovation is fundamental to provide for the nations statistical needs. Innovation in federal statistics is a broad-spectrum subject and ranges from the traditional subjects to those less usually considered, such as new approaches to bridging the interface between users and statisticians. Innovation in the federal statistical system is influenced by three for…
The Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) was established in 1972 to improve the statistical methods and information upon which public policy decisions are based, thereby furthering the ability of the highly decentralized federal statistical system to deliver relevent, timely, and cost-effective information. While CNSTATs original mandate was to provide an independent and objective resourc…
Federal statistical agencies are funded and supervised by elected and appointed politicians. What counts as politial interference is not self-evident. This article offers a working definition of interference, emphasizing the importance of an agency offering its best judgment regarding accurate measurement of a given phenomenon, its ability to apply state-of-the-art science in that measurement, …
Beginning in 1938, some American business groups campaigned to repeal the Sixteenth Amendment and limit the federal taxation of income and wealth. Although their proposed upward?redistributive policy would benefit few voters, it won the support of 31 state legislatures. To explain this outcome, this article offers a theory of strategic policy crafting by advocacy groups. Such groups may succeed…
The authors consider how uncertainty over protest occurrence shapes the strategic interaction between companies and activists. Analyzing Wal?Mart, the authors find support for their theory that companies respond to this uncertainty through a test for protest approach. In Wal?Marts case, this consists of low?cost probes in the form of new store proposals. They then withdraw if they face prote…
Much of what we know about strikes is grounded in the context of postwar Fordism, a unique historical moment of relatively institutionalized labor?management relations. Yet the resurgence of corporate resistance over the past quarter century, coupled with an increasingly hostile political and economic climate, has fundamentally transformed the American industrial landscape. Drawing from this re…
A spatial analysis of data for French dpartements assembled in the 1830s by Andr?Michel Guerry and Adolphe dAngeville examines the impacts of modernization and resistance to governmental Frenchification policies on measures of violence and its direction. In the context of Unnithan et al.s integrated model of suicide and homicide, high suicide rates in the northern core and a predilection …
This article examines variation in the social position of mixed?race populations by exploiting county?level variation in the degree of occupational differentiation between blacks and mulattoes in the 1880 U.S. census. The role of the mixed?race category as either a buffer class or a status threat depended on the class composition of whites. Black/mulatto occupational differentiation was great…
The welfare state promises to moderate the duration and concentration of poverty. The authors ask how well this promise has been fulfilled in the United States and Britain from 1993 to 2003. They examine two aspects of poverty vulnerability during this period of welfare reform: (1) its persistence and associated risk factors and (2) the efficacy of social transfers. After accounting for measure…
As a generic and diversified pedagogy, cooperative learning (CL) reaches out to the field of intercultural education with an offer to establish a reciprocal relationship. After a short description of the diversity of CL and a brief exploration of the influence that culture has on learning, this paper depicts how the partnership between CL and intercultural education can help to create a cultura…
The notion of a knowledge society has led policy-makers and reformers to look for classroom practices that would lead to more productive learning in schools. Modern educational technologies are often thought to transform the traditional presentation-recitation mode of instruction into more participatory learning. This paper assumes that teaching for modern intercultural knowledge societies shou…
Complex Instruction (CI) is a comprehensive programme relating to curriculum development and instructional methodology, using multiple ability tasks and status interventions as key concepts. In 2006, at the end of a teacher training course, a group of primary school teachers decided to develop and experiment with original CI teaching units in their classrooms in Bologna and the surrounding prov…
Armenia is in the midst of major educational reforms in which teacher professional development is a key component. Much of the energy devoted to developing education in Armenia is targeted towards enhancing student-centred teaching, especially cooperative learning. This has become a significant challenge for many schools and teachers as they cope with understanding, learning and adapting these …
This paper describes the integration of cooperative learning (CL) activities into a graduate teacher education course, Collaborative Teaching in English as a Second Language (ESL). Because teachers and researchers have both identified discipline status and relationship issues as challenges to collaboration, this course focused on relational dynamics such as respect, trust, reciprocity, and appr…
Although very little research has been done on cooperative learning (CL) in New Zealand, international research is positive about the educational benefits of working in culturally diverse groups. This paper presents the findings of a research project examining New Zealand experiences with CL in multicultural groups. Data were collected via surveys and focus groups with domestic and internationa…
This paper describes a long-term research seminar, developed in 2001 by Hertz-Lazarowitz at the University of Haifa (UH). The goal of the seminar was to involve students in a meaningful, experiential and cooperative-interactive learning environment, based on topics relevant to their development as individuals coming from diverse collectives to the university campus, and to prepare them for life…
The main focus of this paper relates to the conceptualizations of human identity and intercultural relations needed for cooperative learning (CL) to occur. At one extreme, some have argued that the relation between different cultures should be conceptualized in terms of incommensurability. At the other extreme, a standardization and unification along with the trend of globalization is supported…
This paper examines educational practices in Spain and in particular Madrid. With this contextual frame as the starting point the following issues are discussed: the 'official' conceptualization of cultural diversity, educational policies and resolutions related to cultural diversity, and school programs and resources facilitated by educational authorities to address diversity. The analysis was…
The Portuguese approach to cultural diversity anchors on the principle of Interculturality; within the framework of mutual respect, it embraces the value and richness of diversity and dialogue. This intercultural approach is embedded in the paradigm of an equal value of all cultures and cultural miscegenation, moving thus far beyond a multicultural coexistence framework. This intercultural appr…