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Information Disclosure and Environmental Rights: The Aarhus Convention
Access to information is the first “pillar” of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (1998). This article examines how the information disclosure obligations on states within the Aarhus Convention express a particular blend of human environmental rights, conjoining procedural entitlements (and dutie…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 10-31
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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Transparency as Contested Political Terrain: Who Knows What about the Global …
This article explores the prospects for transparency to be a transformative force in global biosafety governance. It analyzes whether information disclosure can further a right to know and choose, and hence facilitate oversight over transnational transfers of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It examines the question of “Whose right to know what and why?” with regard to GMOs in the agricul…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 32-52
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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Disclosure as Governance: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative a…
The global promotion of transparency for the extractive sector—oil, gas and mining—has become increasingly accepted as an appropriate solution to weaknesses in governance in resource-rich developing nations. Proponents argue that if extractive firms disclose publicly their payments to governments, citizens will be able to hold governments accountable. This will improve the management of natural…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 53-73
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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Tamed Transparency: How Information Disclosure under the Global Reporting Ini…
In this contribution, we explore the tensions that seem inherent in the claim that transparency policies “empower” the users of disclosed information vis-ŕvis those who are asked to provide the information. Since these tensions are particularly relevant in relation to voluntary disclosure, our analysis focuses on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) as the world's leading voluntary corporate n…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 74-96
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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Transparency in Nonstate Certification: Consequences for Accountability and L…
Nonstate certification programs have formed in the past 20 years to address social and environmental problems associated with production practices in several economic sectors. These programs embody the idea that information disclosure can be a tool for NGOs, investors, governments, and consumers to support high performers and hence, advocates hope, place upward pressure on sector-wide practices…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 97-119
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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The National Context for Transparency-based Global Environmental Governance
Transparency-based global environmental governance, like all global governance, necessarily plays out in national contexts. Its efficacy is shaped not only by global politics but also by the norms and capacities prevailing within countries. Over the past two decades, there has been an extraordinary upheaval in transparency views and practices in numerous countries, rich and poor, democratic and…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 120-131
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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The Future of Transparency: Power, Pitfalls and Promises
The growing attention to transparency is not an accidental and fashionable wave, soon to be replaced by another timely topic in environmental governance. Transparency is here to stay and to further develop in environmental politics, as it piggy-backs on a number of wider social developments. In assessing the achievements of transparency to date, this article concludes that it has on balance bee…
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- Vol. 10, No. 3, August 2010. Pages 132-143
- ISBN/ISSN
- 15263800
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Global Environmental Politics
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Assessing the Allocation of Pork: Evidence From Congressional Earmarks
Distributive politics represents one of the most important and controversial aspects of legislative policymaking. In the U.S. Congress, controversies over distributive politics are most evident in the area of legislative earmarking. In this article, we employ a unique set of data matching earmarks to their legislative sponsors to assess the leading explanations of distributive politics. We find…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 959-985
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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Politics, Careerism, and the Voluntary Departures of U.S. District Court Judges
Prior studies hypothesize that judges time their retirements to allow a like-minded president to select their replacements. We propose a modification to this argument and theorize that during the earlier part of a district court judge’s career, it is the likelihood of elevation to an appeals court and other career-oriented concerns that affect whether the judge resigns or stays on the bench. It…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 986-1014
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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The Lifecycle of Public Policy: An Event History Analysis of Repeals to Landm…
The first stage in the policy lifecycle—creation—has garnered significant attention while the final stage—repeal—has received scarcely any. To reconcile this imbalance, an extensive data set recording repeals to landmark laws enacted from 1951 to 2006 was complied. Event history analysis yields three significant results. First, the incidence of repeal exhibits a regular pattern characterized by…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 1015-1051
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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Narrow Victories and Hard Games: Revisiting the Primary Divisiveness Hypothesis
The 2008 presidential election offers a unique opportunity to revisit the hypothesis that a divisive primary exacts a tolls on the party’s general election performance—neither party had a sitting president or vice president seeking the nomination, the Democratic nomination was contested all the way to the end, and advertising data provide a way to gauge both the intensity and tenor of the campa…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 1052-1071
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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Vote Switching on Foreign Policy in the U.S. House of Representatives
How do party members manage recurring and divisive foreign policy agendas? Do they stay the course or switch their position? The annual decision in Congress regarding the extension of China’s most favored nation (MFN) status was a high-profile foreign policy battle between the anti-China coalition and its pro-China counterpart. To test theories of members’ vote choice and change, this article a…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 1072-1101
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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Trait Voting in U.S. Senate Elections
Assessments of candidates’ personal attributes are known to affect vote choice in presidential elections, but little work has explored trait perceptions and trait voting in congressional contests. In this article, I examine the role of candidate traits in U.S. Senate campaigns, drawing on unique survey data from the 2006 midterms. I find that voters’ evaluations of candidate qualities are less …
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- Vol. 38 no. 6, November 2010.pp. 1102-1129
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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Who or What Governs?: The Effects of Economics, Politics, Institutions, and N…
The core question driving the study of local politics is—who or what governs local democracy? After decades of study, researchers continue to debate the relative merits of economic, political, institutional, and bureaucratic accounts of local democracy. By providing a test that incorporates each of these four different theoretical perspectives, that analyzes major spending decisions that cities…
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- Vol. 38 no. 6. November 2010.pp. 1130-1163
- ISBN/ISSN
- 1532673x
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- -
- Series Title
- American Politics Research
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More Open but Not More Trusted? The Effect of the Freedom of Information Act …
This article examines the impact of Britain's Freedom of Information (FOI) Act 2000 on British central government. The article identifies six objectives for FOI in the United Kingdom and then examines to what extent FOI has met them, briefly comparing the United Kingdom with similar legislation in Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. It concludes that FOI has achieved the core objective…
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, pages 561–582, October 2010
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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The Aversion to Direct Cost Imposition: Selecting Climate Policy Tools in the…
Numerous policy tools could be employed in attempting to mitigate climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Direct cost imposition through the taxation of carbon content of fossil fuels has long enjoyed support from diverse policy analysts but has proven highly difficult to advance politically in the United States and many other nations. This article considers the evolving Ameri…
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, October 2010, pages 583–608
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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Implementing Fiscal Decentralization: A Case Study of a Regional Tax Agency i…
As a measure to enhance the fiscal autonomy of the region, in 2006 the Regional Government of Sardinia in Italy decided to establish a tax agency for managing regional taxes on holiday houses and boat and aircraft transit. Based on interviews conducted with the tax agency director and staff, this article traces the trajectory and outcome of events included in the implementation of this part of …
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, pages 609–621, October 2010
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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Dysfunctional Policy Transfer in National Tax Blacklists
Common sense and much of the policy transfer literature suggests that learning from abroad delivers better policy at lower cost. In contrast, this article argues that policy transfer in tax blacklists has been a dysfunctional process tending to replicate errors. Rather than reflecting learning, normative mimicry, or market pressures, over-committed policymakers have responded to complexity and …
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, pages 623–639, October 2010
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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Policymaking in Multiparty Presidential Regimes: A Comparison between Brazil …
This paper explores why two countries with similar electoral, partisan, and presidential institutions, have produced significantly different policy outcomes in Latin America. Brazil and Ecuador are conventionally known as having highly fragmented party systems, where legislators have great incentives to cultivate a personal vote. Presidents are perceived to be strong and to make large use of go…
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, pages 641–666, October 2010
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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Revising Road Safety Policy: The Role of Systematic Evidence in Switzerland
In recent years, interest has grown in promoting and employing “evidence-based policymaking.” This has been accompanied by an increase in available information about the performance of public policies. While existing research concludes that evidence about “what works” rarely prevails in democratic politics, it is inconclusive about which conditions affect the relevance of such evidence in decis…
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- Volume 23, Issue 4, October 2010. pages 667–690
- ISBN/ISSN
- 09521895
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- Governance
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