Japan's new thinking on regionalism is a means of soft balancing that counters a rising Chinese influence. A "hard" balancing strategy through an alliance with the United States is insufficient because the Chinese economy is indispensable for Japan's prosperity and because China is rising through soft power. Japan's response uses the concept of community based on universal values.
The global recession has had seemingly conflicting impacts on China's policy toward Asian regionalism. But China has never viewed regionalism and globalism as mutually exclusive and has seen strategic value in pursuing both. A stronger China emerging from the crisis is playing both regional and global games with a stronger hand.
Following North Korea's second nuclear test, the U.N. Security Council tightened sanctions. However, North Korea has tilted its relations toward partners uninterested in such measures. Since 2005, it has retreated from economic reform, most obviously in the 2009 confiscatory currency reform. These developments raise doubts about North Korea's interest in engagement.
This article explains the variable success after the September 11, 2001, attacks of the securitization of terrorism in two ASEAN member states, Singapore and Indonesia. The two countries are selected because of the differences in their government characteristics and their domestic politics. The article argues that differences in the nature of the domestic audience explain the divergence of secu…
This article examines the progress, problems, and prospects of Russian-South Korean energy security cooperation. Several ongoing energy projects between Russia and South Korea are highly likely to enhance energy security needs for both countries. Nevertheless, the development of bilateral energy projects has been extremely slow.
Cambodia is pivotal to China's strategies to project greater influence in Southeast Asia, buffer longstanding rivals, and potentially tame America's hegemony. China's transformation from regional backwater into influential global actor raises concerns for many countries. As expected, the rise of a powerful regional player makes traditional hegemonic countries anxious.
This article analyzes U.S. vulnerabilities to state crimes against democracy (SCADs). SCADs are actions or inactions by government insiders intended to manipulate democratic processes and undermine popular sovereignty. Watergate and Iran–Contra are well?known examples of SCADs involving top officials. SCADs in high office are difficult to detect and successfully prosecute because they are usual…
When intercultural tensions flare up, governments typically must engage the conflict one way or another. This article questions the possible role of government in transforming these difficult social–cultural–political conflicts into democratic moments. Three theoretical approaches to democracy compete for status in the realm of multicultural politics: majoritarian, consociational, and deliberat…
The need to develop specific proposals as a basis for formal participation ensures the most important policy decisions in rulemaking are often made before notice?and?comment requirements come to bear. Although informal stakeholder participation in the development of proposed rules is common, it tends to be unstructured and idiosyncratic and to lack the assurances of openness that characterize t…
This study assesses the extent to which welfare recipients engage in giving money and time to charitable causes. Using the 2003 Center on Philanthropy Panel Study data, this study examines the effects of public assistance—holding constant earned income and demographic traits—on two major types of charitable activities: charitable giving and volunteering. Using a Tobit specification, as appropri…
This paper explores the religious origins of the secular. It troubles the often rigid and misleading opposition between the secular and sacred through an exploration of this relationship in the thought of Augustine, Calvin, Madison, up to Obama.
The paper tries to show the importance of the writings of John Locke in preparing the way for secularism. He provides a theory for disentangling religion and the state for several main reasons, including the avoidance of religious persecution of minorties; the avoidance of civil strife; and the need to leave it to individuals to work out their own salvation by exercising their conscience free o…
How has philosophy contributed to bringing about a secular age? What role has philosophy played in bringing about a secular age in which belief and unbelief are both viable options? This paper does not address philosophy in general but rather focuses on a single thinker, Immanuel Kant, to argue that the consequences—both intended and unintended—of Kant's critical philosophy has had the greatest…
This paper explores the distinction between secularism as ideology and secularism as statecraft principle. By secularism as statecraft principle, I understand simply some principle of separation between religious and political authority, either for the sake of the neutrality of the state vis-à-vis each and all religions, or for the sake of protecting the freedom of conscience of each individual…
Recent scholarship has taken us beyond the simplistic framework of the self in or outside world religions. It has deepened, historicized, and pluralized our sense of selves between and within cultures, and shown us that selves—especially perhaps the "self-made"—are narrated and performed intersubjectively and politically. Scholars have questioned the ways in which selves are built, unbuilt, and…
This paper critiques the modern cult of sincerity, suggesting that selves cannot be selves except in relationships which are constituted by ritualized behaviors fundamentally at odds with the demands of the self. Such ritual acts, are, I maintain, crucial to the existence of the relational self. Rituals create that subjunctive space, a shared "could be" where such selves can exist—in relation w…
This paper attempts to liberate the concept of "spirituality" from its apolitical consumerized present, and suggests that our thinking about selves as well as about secularity and religion must recognize its debts to Orientalist practices.
This paper explores the notion of the "human predicament" by a comparative examination of the works of Tillich, Sankara, Catherine Keller and Friedrich Nietzsche. The text highlights the radical differences between these thinkers in order to bring out existential issues that any conception of the human predicament must somehow address.
We think of "secularization" as a process that can occur anywhere (and for some people, is occurring everywhere). And we think of secularist regimes as options for any country, whether they are adopted or not. And certainly, these words crop up everywhere. But do they really mean the same thing? Are there not, rather, subtle differences, which can bedevil cross-cultural discussions of these mat…
Secularism in the United States finds its most heightened expression in its constitutional arrangements; in this respect Britain falls short but by its own secularist standards—as the following essays display—American politics are saturated by Christian, especially Protestant concepts and sensibilities, which shape the hopes and fears, the ideals and blind spots of American political culture. I…