Journal Articles

Ideas in Two-Level Games: The EC—United States Dispute Over Agriculture in the GATT Uruguay Round

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In 1992, the United States and the European Community (EC) reached an agreement on the Uruguay Round Agreement of Agriculture (URAA). A comparison of the EC's and the United States's initial agricultural proposals with the final agreement shows that the specific commitments agreed to reduce agricultural support and protection went a long way to accommodate EC agricultural interests. However, the United States had a decisive say on the paradigm underpinning the agreement. This outcome raises questions on the role of ideas in trade negotiations characterized by two-level games. The article shows that there was an overt ideational conflict between the United States and the EC and that the URAA was a trade-off between U.S. concessions on specific commitments to reduce agricultural protection and support and EC concessions on the ideational underpinning of the agreement. Thus, the EC was unable to convert its relatively smaller win set into full-scale bargaining power to influence both layers of the agreement

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Detail Information

Series Title

Comparative Political Studies

Call Number

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Publisher

California : Sage Publications., 2008

Collation

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Language

English

ISBN/ISSN

00104140

Classification

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Content Type

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Media Type

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Carrier Type

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Edition

Vol. 41, No. 9, Page 1266-1289

Subject(s)

institutions
Agriculture
Ideas
Two-Level Games
Trade Policy
GATT
Ideas in Two-Level Games

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