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The Durability of Presidential and Parliament-Based Dictatorships
Many scholars have examined the durability of parliamentary versus presidential regimes in democracies, but the process by which authoritarian leaders are (nominally) elected is generally assumed to be irrelevant. However, even if the electoral outcome is not in doubt, the executive selection process may affect outcomes such as regime durability. I argue that, when opposition parties are allowe…
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- Volume 48, Issue 7 June 2015,915-948
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Government Turnover and the Effects of Regime Type How Requiring Alternation…
Incumbents voluntarily leaving office after losing elections is a hallmark of democracy. Hence, the most prominent binary democracy measure (Democracy–Dictatorship/Alvarez–Cheibub–Limongi–Przeworski [DD/ACLP]) requires observed alternation in power to score regimes democratic. Such “alternation rules” may, however, lead to underestimating democracy’s effect on economic growth. As strong economi…
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- Volume 48, Issue 7 June 2015, 882-914
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Incorporating Marginal Citizens and Voters The Conditional Electoral Effects…
In this article, we study how social assistance shapes election results across Latin America. Case studies in several countries have found electoral effects, yet it remains unclear whether and how effects vary cross-nationally, and whether electoral effects are due to mobilization or persuasion. We theorize that programs mobilize non-voters and convert the opposition simultaneously, but that th…
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- Volume 48, Issue 7 June 2015, 854-881
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Credibility Versus Control Agency Independence and Partisan Influence in the…
There is a natural tension between theories of party government and theories of regulatory politics. Whereas effective party government requires that politicians have firm control over public policy, the need for credible commitment in regulation stipulates that policy-making capacities are delegated to independent agencies. While the theoretical dimension of this tension is well established, t…
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- Volume 48, Issue 7 June 2015, pages 823-853
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Foreign Aid, Time Horizons, and Trade Policy
Although there are theoretical reasons to expect foreign aid to promote trade liberalization, empirical research has found no relationship. Without disputing this general nonresult, we argue that foreign aid can incentivize liberalization under certain conditions. In the absence of aid, the incentive to liberalize trade depends on government time horizons: Far-sighted governments have incentive…
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- Volume 48, Issue 6 May 2015, pages 788-819
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- 0010-4140
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- Comporative Political Studies
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Random Walk or Planned Excursion? Continuity and Change in the Left–Right P…
Implicit in theories of democratic elections is the idea of change—or at least the potential for change. Elections provide the opportunity for citizens to change their party preferences and thus alter the course of government. In addition, political parties can change their programmatic positions to attract new voters. Our research asks how much parties change their Left–Right positions between…
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- Volume 48, Issue 6 May 2015, pages 759-787
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Elections, Information, and Policy Responsiveness in Autocratic Regimes
The responsiveness of policy to election results is a central component of democracy. Do the outcomes of autocratic elections also affect policy choice? Even when the threat of turnover is low, I argue that autocratic elections influence policy by allowing citizens to signal dissatisfaction with the regime. Supplementing existing work, this study explains how this opposition is communicated cre…
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- Vulome 48, Issue 6 May 2015, pages 691-727
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Deliberate Indiscretion? How Political Corruption Encourages Discretionary Po…
This article reports the first empirical evidence that politicians delegate to trusted bureaucrats to diminish political responsibility for policy. Political science has been perennially concerned with why political leaders delegate authority to bureaucrats, but this work’s focus on advanced democracies has overlooked how corruption and political influence over bureaucrats can turn delegation i…
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- Volume 48, Issue 6 May 2015, pages 728-758
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Does Welfare Conditionality Reduce Democratic Participation?
The past 20 years have witnessed a shift to work-based welfare conditionality within the advanced welfare states, as access to social benefits are increasingly predicated on individuals agreeing to behavioral conditions related to participation in the labor market. Existing literature on the political consequences of this shift offers contradictory expectations. While new paternalists claim tha…
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- Volume 48, Issue 5 April 2015, pager 645-686
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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From Methodology to Practice Inductive Iteration in Comparative Research
Most methods in comparative politics prescribe a deductive template of research practices that begins with proposing hypotheses, proceeds into analyzing data, and finally concludes with confirmatory tests. In reality, many scholars move back and forth between theory and data in creating causal explanations, beginning not with hypotheses but hunches and constantly revising their propositions in …
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- Volume 48, Issue 5 April 2015, pager 616-644
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Coalitions and Compensation The Case of Unemployment Benefit Duration
This paper examines unemployment benefit reforms in twenty-five advanced democracies between the middle of the 1980s and the onset of the Great Recession in 2008. The paper’s main argument is that the type of government – coalition or single-party – has an effect on whether cutbacks in social benefits are combined with compensating measures that mitigate the negative effects of the cuts. We sho…
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- Volume 48, Issue 5 April 2015, pager 586-615
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Conceptualizing Cooperation Coordination and Concertation as Two Logics of C…
Despite recognizing that institutionalized cooperation is central to both business and politics in many advanced, industrialized economies, scholars remain divided over the origins, character, and future of “non-liberal” capitalism. This article seeks to clarify these debates by arguing that different processes of cooperation are governed by distinct logics of collective action and associated w…
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- Volume 48, Issue 5 April 2015, pager 555-585
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Why Small States Offer Important Answers to Large Questions
Small states are conspicuously absent from mainstream comparative political science. There are a variety of reasons that underpin their marginal position in the established cannon, including their tiny populations, the fact that they are not considered “real” states, their supposedly insignificant role in international politics, and the absence of data. In this article, we argue that the discip…
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- Volume 48, Issue 4 March 2015, pages 527-549
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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The New Politics of Interdependence Cross-National Layering in Trans-Atlanti…
How are regulatory disputes between the major powers resolved? Existing literature generally characterizes such regulatory disagreements as system clash, in which national systems of regulation come into conflict, so that one sets the global standard, and the other adjusts or is marginalized. In this article, we offer an alternative account, which bridges early literature on interdependence wit…
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- Volume 48, Issue 3 March 2015, pages 497-526
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Electoral Systems and Legislators’ Constituency Effort The Mediating Effec…
In so far as legislators value re-election, electoral institutions are said to shape their strategic behavior. Yet, the empirical evidence linking legislators’ behavior to electoral institutions is weak at best. Previous studies, we argue, have either ignored or misspecified how legislators’ vulnerability to electoral defeat mediates the expected effect of electoral institutions. To test this a…
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- Volume 48, Issue 3 March 2015, pages 464-496
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political & Studies
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Security, Clarity of Responsibility, and Presidential Approval
The importance of institutions in shaping citizens’ ability to punish or reward politicians for economic outcomes is well established. Where institutions divide authority, politicians can blame each other and citizens find it harder to assign responsibility for policy failures; where institutions clarify lines of authority, citizens can better hold politicians accountable. However, this argumen…
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- Volume 48, Issue 4 March 2015, pages 438-463
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Diffusion of Diaspora Enfranchisement Norms A Multinational Study
States have increasingly granted voting rights to their citizens overseas. Traditional accounts of franchise extension suggest that governments’ motivations are either political (new voters are expected to support the incumbent government) or, in the case of citizens abroad, materialist (a fortified link to migrants encourages remittance flows). Although these factors doubtless matter, they ove…
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- Volume 48, Issue 4 March 20155, pages 407-437
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Instruments of Political Control National Oil Companies, Oil Prices, and Pet…
Global petroleum subsidies peaked at US$520 billion in the summer of 2008 and reached US$212 billion in 2011, carrying high fiscal and environmental costs. Why do some countries spend so much money to subsidize petroleum consumption? Previous studies suggest that oil-rich autocracies lacking institutional capacity are the main culprits. However, they cannot explain why oil importers with capabl…
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- Volume 48, Issue 3 March 2015, pages 370-402
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Women’s Political Engagement Under Quota-Mandated Female Representation Ev…
Do affirmative action measures for women in politics change the way constituents view and interact with their female representatives? A subnational randomized policy experiment in Lesotho with single-member districts reserved for female community councilors provides causal evidence to this question. Using survey data, I find that having a quota-mandated female representative either has no effec…
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- Volume 48, Issue 3 March 2015, pages 333-369
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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Indigenous Identity, Natural Resources, and Contentious Politics in Bolivia …
How do natural resources and ethnic identity interact to incite or to mitigate social conflict? This article argues that high-value natural resources can act as an important catalyst for the politicization of ethnic, specifically indigenous identity, and contribute to social conflict as they limit the malleability of identity frames and raise the stakes of confrontations. We test this argument …
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- Volume 48, Issue 3 March 2015, pages 301-332
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- 0010-4140
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- Comparative Political Studies
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