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Money, Benefits, and Power : A Test of the Glass Ceiling and Glass Escalator …
This article explores the manner in which race, ethnicity, and gender intersect to produce inequality in wages and employer benefits among “workers” (employees with no job authority), “supervisors” (employees with broad supervisory responsibilities), and “managers” (employees who can hire/fire and set the pay of others). Using data uniquely suited to examine these relationships, the author find…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 149-172
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
- Call Number
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Do Female Top Managers Help Women to Advance? A Panel Study Using EEO-1 Records
The goal of this study is to examine whether women in the highest levels of firms’ management ranks help to reduce barriers to women’s advancement in the workplace. Using a panel of more than twenty thousand firms during 1990 to 2003 from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the authors explore the influence of women in top management on subsequent female representation in lower-le…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 173-197
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
- Call Number
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Minorities in Management : Effects on Income Inequality, Working Conditions, …
Scholars differ on whether the increase in minority managers represents real or vacuous progress toward the elimination of racial bias in the labor market. This study uses the National Study of the Changing Workforce to examine racial differences in work outcomes across the authority divide. On balance, this study finds more support for the pessimistic view of the minority presence in managemen…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 198-216
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Female Leaders, Organizational Power, and Sex Segregation
A large body of research has examined the organizational factors that promote women’s access to positions of workplace authority. Fewer studies explore how women’s access to these positions influences gender inequality among subordinates. Utilizing a 2005 national sample of South Korean organizations, this article examines whether having women in managerial and supervisory roles is associated w…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012 ,pp. 217-235
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Checking the Pulse of Diversity among Health Care Professionals : An Analysis…
What factors are associated with variation in the racial/ethnic composition of hospital health care professionals? Institutional theories suggest that organizations react to external environmental and internal structural pressures for the racial/ethnic integration of workers. Using an institutional framework, we bring to bear new insight into how hospitals respond to such pressure for diversity…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012 ,pp. 236-257
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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The Gender Gap in Executive Compensation : The Role of Female Directors and C…
While many studies have explored the issue of women’s representation among top management, little is known about the gender gap in compensation among those who reached the top. Using data on 7,711 executives at 831 U.S. firms, this study investigates social-psychological factors that explain the gender gap in executive compensation. Consistent with theories on social identity and demographic si…
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- Vol. 639 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 258-278
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Martin Fishbein’s Legacy : The Reasoned Action Approach
The reasoned action approach that Martin Fishbein pioneered has emerged as the dominant conceptual framework for predicting, explaining, and changing human social behavior. The most popular model in this tradition, the theory of planned behavior, has generated a great deal of empirical research supporting the premises of this approach. It has been shown that behavioral, normative, and control b…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 11-27
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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The Quantitative Analysis of Reasoned Action Theory
This article serves as a guide for conducting statistical analyses in a reasoned action context. Using structural equation modeling concepts, the authors identify two elements of reasoned action data: the structural component relating theoretical variables to one another and a measurement component defining the theoretical constructs. The authors then describe a three-step analytic approach: an…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 28-41
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Measurement Models for Reasoned Action Theory
Quantitative researchers distinguish between causal and effect indicators. What are the analytic problems when both types of measures are present in a quantitative reasoned action analysis? To answer this question, the authors use data from a longitudinal study to estimate the association between two constructs central to reasoned action theory: behavioral beliefs and attitudes toward the behav…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 42-57
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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The Reasoned Action Model : Directions for Future Research
The reasoned action model (RAM) of Fishbein and Ajzen has been highly influential in the social and health sciences. This article describes three areas for future research that should expand its explanatory power. One area of research focuses on an idiographic RAM that encourages researchers to pursue the estimation of RAM parameters on a per-individual level rather than through traditional nom…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 58-80
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Beliefs Underlying Eating Better and Moving More : Lessons Learned from Compa…
The reasoned action approach has been used to identify the determinants of a behavior to be modified by social and behavioral interventions. Information on the specific beliefs underlying behavioral decisions is vital to intervention design. More attention is needed on the salient belief elicitation—a critical step in a theory-based formative research process. This article considers the methodo…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 81-100
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Perceived Behavioral Control in Reasoned Action Theory : A Dual-Aspect Interp…
The inclusion of perceptions of control over behavioral performance has importantly advanced the ability of reasoned action theory to explain behavioral intentions and predict behavior. In consequence, the theory has usefulness as a tool for developing behavior change interventions. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of a perceived behavioral control construct, there remains ambig…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 101-117
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Developing Media Interventions to Reduce Household Sugar-Sweetened Beverage C…
In 2010, the city of Philadelphia launched a media campaign to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in homes with children as a strategy to combat obesity. Using the integrative model (IM) of behavioral change and prediction, a theory-based precampaign survey of Philadelphia parents was conducted to determine the most effective message content. Results indicated that inten…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 118-135
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
- Collation
- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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Understanding Tailored Internet Smoking Cessation Messages : A Reasoned Actio…
Although message tailoring has been shown to produce experimental effects in previous studies, the cognitive mechanisms through which tailoring works have not been sufficiently studied. Using the integrative model to predict intentions to use the nicotine replacement patch among adult smokers, this study examines how tailoring theoretical elements of the integrative model is effective in changi…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 136-149
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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The Reasoned Action Approach in HIV Risk-Reduction Strategies for Adolescents
Adolescents worldwide are at high risk for adverse consequences of sexual activity, including HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancy. Effective intervention strategies are needed to address this risk. This article discusses the advantages of the reasoned action approach for developing such strategies, including the ability to integrate population-specific qualitative…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 150-172
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- -
- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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A Reasoned Action Approach to HIV Prevention for Persons with Serious Mental …
There is confusion regarding reason and rational thought as a precondition for interventions designed using a reasoned action approach. To test their feasibility, two interventions were developed for use with persons with mental illnesses, using the reasoned action model. Preventing AIDS through Health (PATH) was delivered one-on-one by case managers to persons with mental illnesses who were HI…
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- Vol. 640 no. 1, March 2012,pp. 173-188
- ISBN/ISSN
- 00027162
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- Series Title
- The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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The emergence of popular personal finance magazines and the risk shift in Ame…
This study considers the emergence of personal finance magazines in the US after the Second World War. It examines an instance when a possible relationship existed between a media genre’s emergence and shifts in the general political economy. It suggests that the appearance of the personal finance genre was related to the shift in the American political economy from corporate liberalism to neol…
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- Vol. 34 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 3-20
- ISBN/ISSN
- 01634437
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- -
- Series Title
- Media Culture Society
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‘We’re a very normal family’: Representing the mundane in Channel 4’s…
In 1974 Paul Watson’s The Family pioneered the ‘fly-on-the-wall’ technique to build a picture of family life that also exposed inequalities contained in British society. Today, film-maker Jonathan Smith, has updated this format using technologies usually found in reality programming to focus on the mundane practices of family life, in Channel 4’s The Family (2008). However, instead of the meta-…
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- Vol. 34 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 21-35
- ISBN/ISSN
- 01634437
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- -
- Series Title
- Media Culture Society
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At the origin of a global industry : The TV format trade as an Anglo-American…
Many of today’s popular TV programmes are formats that are adapted for local audiences as they travel from country to country. It is an industry that was transformed in the late 1990s by four ‘super-formats’ (Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Survivor, Big Brother and Idols) and that is today worth an estimated €3.1 billion per year. This article focuses on the evolution that explains the emergen…
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- Vol. 34 no. 1, January 2012,pp. 36-52
- ISBN/ISSN
- 01634437
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- -
- Series Title
- Media Culture Society
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The institutionalization of YouTube : From user-generated content to professi…
This article explores the institutionalization of YouTube: its transformation from user-generated content (UGC) – oriented as a virtual village – into a professionally generated content (PGC) video site, especially after being purchased by Google. YouTube has influenced the traditional media environment, but at the same time this new medium imitates the rules of the old media, including legally…
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- Vol. 34 no. 1, January 2012 ,pp. 53-67
- ISBN/ISSN
- 01634437
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- -
- Series Title
- Media Culture Society
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